What is another name for carnelian?
Carnelian is the name (essentially a historical household name, not a scientific one) of one of the many varieties of natural silica, namely chalcedony. Carnelian is the name given to orange, orange-red, brownish-red, chestnut chalcedony, colored by hydroxides and oxides of iron, microscopic inclusions of hematite and goethite. Among the carnelians, in turn, there are: red and orange-red (Carnelian, from the Latin cornum – dogwood); brown-red (sarder); orange-yellow and yellow (lincurium) varieties. And also sardonyx (from the Greek sardolith – stone from Sardis), which is a banded brown-red chalcedony (carnelian) onyx. The term carnelian is traditionally used in Russia and Russian-language literature, and nowadays it usually refers to all yellow-orange-brown-red chalcedony; at the same time, in the West the name carnelian has taken root in a similar meaning.
Location
The best carnelians in Russia come from Eastern Siberia (basin of the Zeya River, Amur Region). There are outstanding finds in Yakutia, Chukotka, Buryatia, and the southeast of the Chita region. Industrial accumulations of carnelian in Russia are post-volcanic hydrothermal formations, usually formed in acidic effusives, where carnelians are confined to chalcedony mineralization in zones of hydrothermally altered fluid-spheroloid lavas (vitrorhyolites and vitrorhyolite-dacites in the composition of extrusive domes); rhyolite bodies have an elliptical shape with dimensions of 0,8/0,6 km (Mustakh deposit), and carnelian is localized in the cavities of spherical or ellipsoidal spheroloids ranging in size from several cm to 1,2 m. Carnelians and small, but rare beautiful carnelian agates from the protected volcanic massif Karadag in Crimea, from the legendary “Carnelian Bay”, romantically described by A.E. Fersman in the book “Memories of the Stone”; carnelian pebbles, which were there in abundance 100-200 years ago, are now completely chosen by tourists, but carnelians have been preserved among the steep rocks in the form of small almonds and veins in volcanic rocks, where they are in association with gray chalcedony, crystals of rock crystal, calcite, analcime and a whole range of rare zeolites. Foreign deposits include India (Deccan Highlands, Gujarat), Mongolia, the USA (Montana), the island of Madagascar, Uruguay, Brazil, and Bulgaria.
From the history of stone
The first products made of carnelian (the most ancient tools) were found during excavations of sites of Paleolithic man (800-60 thousand years BC). Carnelian has been used as a material for the manufacture of jewelry, amulets, talismans and religious objects since the early Neolithic (18 thousand years BC).
In Ancient Egypt, carnelian was used to make household and ritual jewelry that was dedicated to the goddess Isis. The symbol of the goddess Isis resembles a three-leaf clover in shape – it was cut out of carnelian for clasps, inserts in rings, etc. By wearing carnelian, the Egyptians symbolically asked the “mother of the gods” for protection as before. so after death. Carnelian was most popular in Ancient Greece, Mesopotamia, the Middle East, Rus’ and medieval Europe. Sometimes it was valued significantly higher than many other jewelry, for example, in the 4th century AD. carnelian took fifth place in value in the row: diamond, pearl, emerald, noble opal, carnelian, red carbuncles (spinel, ruby, garnet), and only then and below were gold and silver, sapphires and topazes. Bright red carnelian was revered as the stone of the martyr Bartholomew. In the Middle Ages, carnelian jewelry was very popular, as at that time it was believed that this beautiful stone could defeat black magic. Carnelian was loved by many great and famous people: history includes pendants and the favorite carnelian vessel with eye shadow of Queen Cleopatra (69-30 BC); belt buckle with carnelian “Shaker of the Universe” Tamerlane, seal of the last hetman of Ukraine Kirill Razumovsky, Byron’s talisman ring. Also from A.S. Pushkin had a gold ring with a large octagonal red carnelian, on which was carved the Hebrew inscription: “Simcha, son of the venerable Rabbi Joseph, may his memory be blessed,” given to him by Countess E.K. Vorontsova. The great poet considered this stone his talisman and wore it constantly on his index finger. Only before his death did he take it off and give it to the poet V.A. Zhukovsky, and in the ill-fated 1917 this ring was stolen from the Pushkin Museum.
Features of processing and use
Typically, carnelian is not processed. Only the carnelian is heated to obtain a more intense color. It is used to make boxes, goblets, rings, crosses, small figurines and cabochons.
Properties of the mineral
| Chemical formula | SiO2 |
| Selection form | Carnelian creates cracks in rocks, geodes, nodules, and forms sinter forms. |
| Color | Red, orange, yellow, orange-red, pink, brownish red |
| Transparency | transparent translucent shines through |
| Hardness | 6,5 7 |
| Opening year | known since ancient times |
| Origin of the name | The stone got its name from “sardolith”, which is translated from Greek as “stone from Sardis”. In ancient times, this was the name of the capital in Lydia. According to another version, the word “carnelian” comes from an ancient Slavic word meaning “bringing joy to the heart.” |
| Zodiac sign | Taurus Gemini Cancer Virgo Scales |
| Literature | Fersman A.E. Precious and colored stones of Russia. T.1 (1922); vol.2 (1925). – M, ed. USSR Academy of Sciences Fersman A.E. Memories of a stone. /republished several times/ |
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Related Articles
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Related words and expressions
- carnelian, jasper, obsidian, olivine, lapis lazuli, onyx, pyrope, jet, hematite, enamel, stones, carbuncle, filigree, bead, brooch
- ruby, malachite, talisman, mother of pearl, coral, lapis, beads, diamond, diadem, pearl, cut, pearls, diamond, necklace, amber
- earring, brooch, ring, quartz, topaz, agate, stone
- pendant
- eye of the Tiger
- rose quartz
- feldspar
- brilliant cut
- neck hryvnia
- hornblende
- tortoiseshells
- volcanic glass
- Ivory
- women’s jewelry
- pigeon egg
- rock crystals
- moon rock
- green garnet
- golden topaz
- minerals of the day
- black Pearl
- made of gold
- silver rings
- freshwater pearls
- framed with diamonds
- yellow sapphire
- blackened silver
- iron pyrite
- beautiful necklace
Related words (by topic)
- People: jeweler
- Places: peridot, amethyst, sapphire, gem, opal
- Items: carnelian, lapis lazuli, chalcedony, jasper, tourmaline
- Actions: cutting
- Abstract concepts: color, azure
Sentences containing “carnelian”
- Gold chains and necklaces made of onyx, pink carnelian and dark blue lapis lazuli lay on his chest like a shell, making it difficult to breathe.
Quotes from Russian classics with the word “carnelian”
- I remember that my grandmother, in an old chest of drawers, had a drawer where various old things lay: bottles, carnelians, medallions, signets, snuff boxes.
The meaning of the word “carnelian”
- CARNELIK, -a, м. Mineral, a variety of chalcedony, semi-precious ornamental stone of bright red-yellow or red color. (Small Academic Dictionary, MAS) All meanings of the word CARNELIK
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Additionally
- How to spell the word “carnelian” correctly
- Declension of the noun “carnelian” (change in numbers and cases)
- Analysis of the composition of the word “carnelian” (morphemic analysis)
- Quotes with the word “carnelian” (selection of quotes)
The meaning of the word “carnelian”
CARNELIK, -a, м. Mineral, a variety of chalcedony, semi-precious ornamental stone of bright red-yellow or red color.
Sentences containing “carnelian”
- Gold chains and necklaces made of onyx, pink carnelian and dark blue lapis lazuli lay on his chest like a shell, making it difficult to breathe.
- – So. transparent, like your eyes. And now we’ll catch a bull. So look for it carnelian. and here comes the rogue bull!
- – I sold something that wasn’t very valuable. cornelian with such an emblem to the wife of the imperial ambassador, but, thinking that there was nothing in this purchase except a woman’s whim, I did not mark the stone.
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Morphology
- Declension of the noun “carnelian”
- Analysis of the composition of the word “carnelian”
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