What is the name of the strongest stone?
Other definitions (questions) for the word “diamond” (221)
- What does the hippopotamus hold from the fatal ring from the novel “In One Breath” by Tatyana Ustinova
- A stone like a watchful eye
- Which store was robbed by Gorin immediately after his escape from prison in the series “Black Cat”
- The name of this mineral comes from the Greek word “adamas” – “indestructible”
- Something extremely valuable, extraordinary, exceptional (figurative meaning)
- First class gem
- Carbon that “managed” to become a jewel
- A very attentive eye is compared to this stone
- Film by Andrzej Wajda “Ashes and. ”
- Which stone “protects” from stomach diseases
- Precious talisman of Julius Caesar
- A transparent precious stone, superior in brilliance and hardness to all other minerals.
- Carbon in carats
- The simplest gemstone in chemical composition
- Mineral mined in Yakutia
- Precious stone
- Graphite after 2000 atmospheres
- Future diamond
- Gemstone for those born under the sign of Aries
- Carbon Aristocrat
- The hardest of minerals
- The most expensive stone
- Chemical substance, natural abrasive material
- Abrasive material
- Hard and expensive mineral
- The hardest mineral in nature
- A jewel that burns
- “Stock” mineral
- Cinema in Moscow, st. Shabolovka
- glass cutter stone
- Orlov’s gift to Catherine II
- The hardest among stones
- Precious glass cutter
- Jeweler’s stone
- Napoleon always carried a large. with him, believing that it would bring him victory
- Mineral – the standard of an accurate eye
- Collection of the Spanish poet Gabriel Zelaya “Strong as …”
- “Shah” of 89 carats in the Kremlin Museum
- Hard mineral
- What 17th century discovery in India was named “Great Mogul”?
- Gemstone that enhances abstract thinking
- Durable stone
- Transparent gemstone
- The essence of “Orlov”
- Musical hit by Alice Mon
- “Shah”, “Orlov”
- A transparent gemstone with brilliance and hardness superior to all other minerals.
- Which stone helps its owner gain royal favor?
- King among gems
- pure carbon
- Pure crystalline carbon
- Glass cutter stone
- “Raw” diamond
- Like a lion among beasts, he reigns among stones
- Adamant
- Previously, in the East, many tried to poison their enemies with this crushed jewel.
- Ballas
- There is nothing harder than him
- Durable glass cutter
- Eye-…
- “ashes and. ” by Andrzej Wajda
- Mineral, first class gemstone
- Mineral rated 10 on the hardness scale
- Stone “Cullinan”
- “Shah” or “Orlov”
- Having a common composition with coal and graphite, but much more expensive
- Diamond stone
- Menera
- King of Gems
- Epithet for a very precise eye, good vision
- What stone is a sniper’s eye compared to?
- A stone that has a chance of becoming a diamond
- Moscow cinema
- A gemstone that is difficult to cut but easy to burn
- Poem by A. Fet
- Precision Eye Stone
- Precious symbol of vigilance
- hard eye
- If it is perfectly transparent, then the speed of light in it is 124 thousand kilometers per second
- The hardest mineral
- “Orlov” among the stones
- “Orlov” or “Cullinan”
- Gemstone, symbol of innocence, strength and courage
- Graphite condition suitable for glass cutting
- Mineral whose cutting creates diamonds
- Super strong stone
- A mineral that turns into a diamond after cutting.
- Wheat variety
- They cut glass
- The most durable gem
- Diamond for glass cutter
- Carbonado
- In ancient Rome, a slave who managed to split this stone was promised freedom.
- They cut glass
- Raw diamond
- Superhard carbon
- King among minerals
- The most expensive mineral
- A tool for cutting glass in the form of a sharp piece of this stone embedded in a handle
- The clipper on which composer N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov sailed for three years
- Faithful Eye
- Carbon from a jewelry store
- White unicorn from the last book of Narnia
- Valuable Carbon Option
- Glass cutting jewel
- The hardest of stones
- Noble relative of graphite
- The most famous gift from Grigory Orlov to Catherine II
- What does De Beers mine?
- Diamond in the Rough
- What kind of stone can be found in a kimberlite pipe?
- The hardest gem
- https://sinonim.org/sc
- Excellent graphite option
- Pure water stone
- Orlov’s essence
- Form of carbon
- Stone, symbol of the precise eye
- Diamond in a past life
- Diamond at the beginning of his career
- Hardfaced mineral
- A precious stone that “protects against the spell of witchcraft”
- The name of which mineral comes from the Arabic word “unyielding, indestructible”
- Stone “Orlov”
- “Shah” and “Orlov”
- Diamond
- A gemstone that has become a symbol of a sharp eye
- Once burned, this precious stone will become just soot.
- Precise Eye Standard
- Rough Diamond
- The hardest substance known to man
- King among the stones
- Alice Mon’s hit about a precious stone
- Aries Stone
- . and you see in the mud (proverb)
- Very hard mineral
- Ashes and . Andrzej Wajda
- Which stone is especially sympathetic to the solar signs of the zodiac?
- Glass cutting tool
- Perhaps this is the most expensive of the methods used to send people to the next world in the east. For this we used crushed
- What kind of stone can be found in a kimberlite pipe?
- Chemical substance, natural abrasive material
- On the Mohs scale, talc is in first place, calcite is in third, quartz is in seventh, and what is in tenth place on this scale?
- Your eye -.
- It can be colorless, bluish, reddish, yellowish, brown, gray and even black. In 77 BC. e. Pliny gave him the name, from the Greek irresistible. Name it
- Very hard carbon
- A stone that can be used to cut glass
- This can be created at home by placing graphite under high pressure and high temperature.
- A stone that helps with difficult childbirth
- Edward Zwick’s film “Bloody. “
- The basis of the magical sword Dragnir in the novel by Nik Perumov
- King of Stones
- King among gems
- Russian TV brand
- Stone, symbol of April
- Source for diamond
- The hardest substance in nature
- The hardest jewel
- Diamond in the Rough
- Which cruiser was the only one that reached Vladivostok in the Battle of Tsushima?
- Carbon as a jewel
- The first to synthesize this mineral was Ovsey Ilyich Leypunsky, a Soviet physicist.
- Stone cutting glass
- A stone reputed to be a talisman of motherhood
- Diamond in pristine condition
- The diamond before it went to the cutter
- Potential Diamond
- Diamond before cutting
- Brilliant Carbon
- Deadeye Stone
- The most durable mineral
- A hard and fine version of graphite
- It resists “blows so that the iron on both sides is scattered and the anvil is cracked.” What did Pliny the Elder mean?
- The hardest mineral
- Precious mineral
- Synthetic carbon
- Transparent gemstone, mineral (symbol of innocence, hardness and courage)
- Graphite, who made a brilliant career
- “Indestructible” mineral
- What stone helps to maintain excellent memory into old age?
- Diamond raw
- Type of mineral related to native elements
- Stephen King’s story “The Beggar and. “
- Stone in glass cutter
- Jewel in glass cutter
- . pure water
- Uncut diamond
- Adventure drama “Bloody. ” starring Leonardo DiCaprio
- Which gemstone can only be destroyed by high temperature?
- Stock mineral of Russia
- Mineral that serves as raw material for diamonds
- A transparent crystal of such a mineral, cut and polished in a special way
- Precious carbon
- A precious stone respected by glass cutters
- Glass cutting mineral
- A precious stone, a mineral with a crystalline structure, superior in brilliance and hardness to all other minerals
- Precise eye (colloquial)
- Very strong stone
- What stone is hidden behind the diamond?
- Pear-shaped mineral in the scepter of the Queen of England
- Soviet TV brand
- Mineral, one of the crystalline polymorphs of carbon
- Abrasive material, the hardest mineral
- What stone enters steel like oil if the pressure on it is gradually increased to 60 atmospheres?
- Very hard stone
- King of stones and stone of kings
- The hardest stone
- Translate the word “hardest” into Arabic
- Diamond blank
- Carbon Jewel
- Russian concern “…-Antey”
- King of Gems
- Mineral in glass cutter
- Russian space station
- Precious glass cutter detail
- The most precious stone
- Rich relative of graphite
- “Star of Sierra Leone”
- Precious comparison for the precise eye
- “Star of Africa”
- Precise eye
- Mineral that can be set on fire
- transparent solid mineral, one of the allotropes of carbon, expensive gemstone
- a glass cutting tool in the form of a sharp piece of this mineral embedded in a handle
Meaning of the word
DIAMOND, -A, Muzhkoy road
1. A transparent gemstone, a mineral that is a modification of pure carbon and surpasses all other minerals and precious stones in brilliance and hardness (cut into a certain shape is called a diamond). [Donna Maria:] Diamonds in rings sparkle like stars! Lermontov, Spaniards.
2. A tool for cutting glass in the form of a sharp piece of this stone embedded in a handle.
Diamond (from Proto-Turk almaz, lit. “indestructible”, through Arabic. ألماس [‘almās] and into Ancient Greek ἀδάμας “indestructible”) – a mineral, a cubic allotropic form of carbon.
Under normal conditions it is metastable, that is, it can exist indefinitely. In a vacuum or in an inert gas at elevated temperatures, it gradually turns into graphite. The hardest on the Mohs scale of reference minerals for hardness.
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Diamond is a mineral that is outstanding in every way. Like an unsightly doll (a nugget diamond really does not look like anything special in appearance), after cutting it turns into a delightful butterfly – a diamond worth hundreds, thousands and even millions of dollars.
But it’s not only the unearthly radiance and fantastic price that makes this stone stand out among its peers. Diamond is the hardest of all minerals, which determines the widest scope of its application. Not every diamond can turn into a diamond – only the purest and largest stones deserve this honor.
But even a small and cloudy nugget will not be thrown away as unnecessary, but will find application in the watch or nuclear industry, quantum computers or microelectronics, and, at worst, in the production of abrasive, drilling and cutting equipment. It’s Diamond!
General information about diamonds
Do you know the formula of diamond? Even a preschooler who has no idea about chemistry can remember it. It’s just C, which means diamonds are pure carbon (ideally, of course).
What had to happen for carbon to turn into diamond? Many hypotheses have been put forward on this matter. The most convincing of them claims that diamonds are formed at very great depths (over 200 km) and under tremendous pressure – there carbon forms a special cubic lattice inherent in diamonds. During volcanic processes, carbon crystals are carried closer to the surface, where they are discovered by diamond miners.
This process is very slow: the age of diamonds is measured in hundreds of millions, or even billions of years. So when, during intensive mining, diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes and other rocks are depleted, the reserves of this stone will dry up for a very long time.
According to scientific data, some diamonds are of extraterrestrial origin. They came to us with meteorites or came to us as a result of a supernova explosion. It is assumed that some of them are much older than the solar system!
There are a lot of diamonds on Earth, but only a tiny part of them can be turned into diamonds. The purest and largest diamonds (the so-called “Cape”) are mined in Africa, and Russian reserves of this mineral are concentrated mainly in Yakutia.
Among the most outstanding properties of diamond are the following:
- unsurpassed hardness – 10 on the Mohs scale;
- the highest thermal conductivity among solids – 900–2300 W/(m K);
- vanishingly low coefficient of friction on metal (in air);
- refractoriness and resistance to high temperatures;
- resistance to most aggressive acids and alkalis;
- high refractive index of rays combined with transparency;
- the ability to luminesce (glow) in x-rays and ultraviolet light.
Diamonds are not only white, but also colored. Brown and yellow colors reduce the cost of a diamond, blue, blue, pink, red, green – increase it to sky-high heights.
The main characteristic that decides the fate of a rough diamond is transparency (“clear water”). That is why black diamonds (carbonados) have long been considered exclusively technical. However, occasionally you come across evenly colored black diamonds that retain some transparency and characteristic shine. They are mind-bogglingly expensive.
How is the hardness of a diamond measured?
Even a child knows that the strength of a diamond is incredible (meaning its hardness, not its resistance to shock). It is taken as the basic value on all measurement scales. And this is surprising, because diamond’s closest relatives, graphite and coal, which have the same elementary chemical composition, cannot boast of outstanding strength.
The secret of diamond hardness lies in the unique conditions of its formation: high temperatures and incredible pressure. With them, carbon atoms form a unique cubic crystal lattice. This determines the incredible hardness of the final substance, which can exist in natural conditions for billions of years!
Unsurpassed hardness allows diamond to be used in the production of equipment for drilling and ultra-precise cutting. No substance can resist the standard!
Mohs scale
The first successful attempt to create a scale of hardness of materials belongs to the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. Despite the fact that this system was presented to the scientific community back in 1811, it continues to be used to this day, mainly in application to minerals of natural origin (including precious stones).
The hardness of a diamond on the Mohs scale is 10, that is, this mineral was taken as an absolute: a priori there is nothing harder than it. The basis of this test is scratching. If a scratch remains on the surface of the test sample, then it is a priori softer than the standard.
The second place in hardness on the classical Mohs scale is held by corundum, which includes sapphires and rubies – 9 points. You can only scratch them with a diamond!
However, the very rare natural moissanite and its artificial analog carborundum (chemical formula SiC) have a strength of as much as 9,5 Mohs points. By the way, carborundum often replaces diamond both in industry and in the production of jewelry. Visually, it is practically indistinguishable from its noble brother, but costs an order of magnitude cheaper!
Everyone knows that diamond has greater strength than graphite, despite the identical chemical composition. However, not everyone knows that they are at diametrically opposite ends of the Mohs scale. The hardness of graphite is comparable to that of talc, and this is only one!
Rockwell system
With the advent of synthetic materials and super-hard alloys, the generally accepted Mohs scale has become inconvenient. Many systems were proposed, but in the metallurgical industry the Rockwell scale (more precisely, the Rockwells, because there were two of them, distant relatives with the same surname) took root most of all.
The Rockwell hardness of diamond is not measured – it is taken as a standard and the main working tool. The Rockwell measuring machine visually resembles a sewing machine, but instead of a needle, a diamond cone is used, and fabric replaces the material being tested.
The sample is exposed to a diamond cone with a given pressure for several seconds, then the parameters of the dent are assessed on a letter-numeric scale.
What’s harder than diamond?
Many attempts have been made to create or find in nature a material stronger than diamond. So far they have not been successful: obsidan, titanium, super-hard alloys, all kinds of innovative materials cannot compete with the noble standard. Moreover: many chemists and physicists even argue that substances stronger than diamond (more precisely, harder) cannot exist.
The most famous and scandalous story involves a substance called lonsdaleite, which in a chemical and physical sense is a hexagonal diamond. In the 60s of the last century, this mineral was synthesized artificially, and a little later it was discovered in small quantities in meteorite craters.
In 2009, a group of Chinese scientists published a sensational paper claiming that lonsdaleite is more than half as hard as cubic diamond (as we know it). Unfortunately, these data turned out to be a hoax and were not confirmed even by the calculations in the above work.
The most successful attempt to create a substance harder than diamond was made quite recently, in 2021. A duo of American scientists managed to produce hexagonal diamonds from graphite using targeted explosions. The resulting samples demonstrated better sound conductivity than classic cubic diamond, which theoretically indicates greater hardness.
Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to test the theoretical calculations of American scientists experimentally. And the disgraced lonsdaleite, obtained from graphite by exposure to colossal pressure, shows a strength of only 7-8 points on the Mohs scale. And it’s unlikely to be used: it consists of crystals visible only under a microscope, and obtaining this substance is fantastically expensive.
There are other substances that are not much inferior to diamond in hardness: fullerites, all kinds of boron compounds, carbyne, and so on. They are slightly softer than diamond, but often surpass it in other characteristics: strength, resistance to chemical attack and ultra-high temperatures.
A stronger substance can be created from cubic diamond (for example, using nanoengineering). The Japanese succeeded, but how to process this unprecedentedly hard material?
Can a diamond be scratched or broken with a hammer?
Based on the above, we can conclude: it is impossible to scratch a diamond. This makes it possible to quickly identify rough glass counterfeits that are easily scratched by a steel needle or nail file. True, imitation diamonds like cubic zirconia, and even more so carborundum, cannot be recognized in this way.
But there are plenty of substances stronger than diamond – and even steel! This means breaking a diamond is quite possible. Naturally, the stone will calmly survive a fall from a considerable height, and even if you step on it, nothing critical will happen. But if you hit the diamond with force with a hammer, it will crack, otherwise it will crumble into small crumbs.
But you shouldn’t do this: the experiment will be too expensive, and the world will lose another diamond that has been formed over hundreds of millions of years!
