What stone can contain gold?

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Forms of finding gold

What does gold look like in nature and where is it found naturally? The noble metal is found in rocks and sea water in different concentrations and volumes. Some plants (for example, corn) are capable of accumulating small amounts of a component from the soil. In what forms does the precious chemical element occur? Industrial concentrations of the precious metal are associated with primary and placer deposits. For each type of deposit, there are development technologies associated with the characteristics of the deposits. Gold-bearing loose material is developed in secondary deposits formed as a result of the destruction and transfer of crushed rock by wind and water. It is precisely such deposits that are associated with ancient and modern river beds. There may be other chemical elements near the noble solar metal. The well-known natural alloy of silver and gold – electrum – is a combination of two precious metals containing noble components in equal proportions. Sometimes the yellow chemical element forms nuggets. Depending on the conditions and location, they take on special forms. Ore gold is a rock material of quartz veins formed by hydrothermal processes. The famous Holterman Slab, discovered in Australia, is a fragment of a quartz vein with a high gold content. In history, there have been discoveries of native metal in secondary deposits, differing in external parameters and appearance.

Methods for extracting precious metals

The extraction of the precious component is carried out by washing the deposited loose material with water. The high density of gold ensures its sedimentation in special installations. Washing of the rock, depending on the volume of raw materials, is carried out using various devices and devices. Industrial development is carried out by dredges, which are a complex mechanized multifunctional unit operating on the principle of a multi-bucket excavator. It is also used for underwater mining of precious metal placers with subsequent placement of waste material in dumps. There are dredges that operate on the principle of a vacuum cleaner. They are designed for great depths and are intended for sucking and pumping rock with subsequent enrichment (increasing the concentration per weight unit) of raw materials in factories. Washing of loose material containing gold can be done in trays. They are designed for artisanal extraction of precious components and are the main device for exploration work. Trays come in different designs and are made from different materials (wood, metal, plastic). Unprocessed spot gold is subjected to purification from impurities of minor materials and metals. As a result, metal of the highest standard is extracted from black concentrate. The development of primary deposits and the extraction of a noble chemical element from rocks that contain the precious component involves a certain set of technological and production aspects related to the search and development of raw material reserves.

Extraction of precious metal from primary deposits

Gold-bearing quartz veins are formed in rock cracks under the influence of hydrothermal brines. Their distinctive feature is the color of the silicate compound, in which the noble chemical element is in a finely dispersed (in the form of small particles) state. Gold in a stone can be contained in the form of grains. In order not to confuse the noble metal with pyrite (a compound of sulfur and iron), you need to determine the color of the metal. Gold on the sampler (biscuit) leaves a yellow streak. If there is gold in the rock, then under mechanical stress it will behave like a metal with malleability and the ability to deform under the influence of weight. To determine the presence of a precious metal invisible to visual detection in a rock, it is necessary to subject the ore sample to chemical treatment. However, not all methods are suitable for identifying the presence of gold in rocks. The property of a noble metal to form an amalgam with mercury is not the safest way to separate gold from a stone. Dissolving crushed ore material with subsequent processing in aqua regia is not at all environmentally friendly. Iodine (solution or crystalline) when interacting with a metal forms a compound. The solution to be determined for the presence of a noble metal is thoroughly mixed and filter paper is periodically dipped into the substance. After drying, it is burned. If the stones contain gold, the ash remaining after manipulation becomes purple. To extract fine gold from stone, you can use crystalline iodine. Working with it is practically safe. To extract visible gold from a stone, you can wash the crushed ore. This method is called gravity, it is used in the development of placer metals. How to obtain gold from stones on an industrial scale? The technology for developing primary deposits involves a combination of various methods. The crushed ore is treated with chemical compounds. Obtaining a pure precious component involves purifying raw materials from impurities of other metals using electrochemical and chemical methods. Which methods to use in practice depends on the nature of the primary raw material and the methods of its extraction from the rocks. It is more profitable to extract gold from secondary deposits. Material that has been mechanically processed in water streams has the highest class of purity. But the development of primary formations is associated with other forms of metal occurrence in nature, among which there may be “pockets” with crystalline formations of gold nuggets.